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- Posted on May 18, 2009 at 6:44:10PM
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Preview: ... them attached to the cell body of a neuron on the opposite side a ...
The full tutorial is about 58 words long .
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- Posted on May 18, 2009 at 7:26:07PM
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Preview: ... further propagated by their nearby signaling elements to activate signal transduction cascades. The localization of signaling elements to their GluRs is particularly important in ensuring signal cascade activation, as GluRs would be unable to effect particular downstream effects without nearby signalers.<br><br>Signaling from GluRs is mediated by the presence of an abdundance of proteins, especially kinases, that are localized to the postsynaptic density. These include calcium-dependent calmodulin, CaMKII (calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II), PKC (Protein Kinase C), PKA (Protein Kinase A), Protein Phosphatase-1 (PP-1), and Fyn tyrosine kinase. Certain signalers, such as CaMKII, are upregulated in response to activity.<br><br>Spines are particularly advantageous to neurons by compartmentalizing biochemical signals. This can help to encode changes in the state of an individual synapse without necessarily affecting the state of other synapses of the same neuron. The length and width of the spine neck has a large effect on the degree ...
The full tutorial is about 756 words long .
