$50.00 Psychological Interventions For Schizophrenia
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- Posted on Apr 28, 2008 at 4:55:13PM
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Preview: ... ort nature of the therapy sessions. Three studies carried out by Chadwick and Lowe with a total number of 12 patients, who had all held delusional beliefs for more than two years showed positive results. 10 out of 12 patients showed a weakening of their delusional beliefs and 5 out of 12 rejected their delusions altogether. (Chadwick and Lowe, 1990, 1994; Lowe and Chadwick, 1990; Chadwick et al., 1994) Patients also reported a 25% reduction in preoccupation and anxiety over the course of their treatment.<br> Another small related study carried out by Chadwick and Birchwood (1994) but centred on hallucinations also proved successful in reducing the strength of beliefs for 3 of the 4 patients studied, dropping from almost 100% to less than 25% in those cases. Where this change occurred it fostered major life changes.<br> While providing support for the verbal challenge as a viable intervention for aspects of schizophrenia it is at best preliminary and as mentioned the outcome measures are not objective but self reported. Perhaps more importantly the studies use very narrow patient populations.<br>This work on delusional symptoms created a bright outlook for CBT as an important adjunct treatment for individuals with residual symptoms of schizophrenia. It demonstrated that the belief systems of patients were robust enough to resist CBT and given the right therapeutic environment the patient would respond to reality testing. <br> Where Chadwick and Lowe's studies were relatively short term, the last follow up was at 6 months, a long-term trial of CBT is reported by Wiersma et al (2001). This study combined CBT with coping skills training and targeted auditory hallucination. Unlike the previous studies mentioned this used a larger sample of 40 patients and was long term, conducted over four years. The results indicated that there were positive reduction of hallucinations and their burden to the patient. The majority of patients had over five years of contact with psychiatric services. The assessment tools used were the Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale (Haddock, 1994) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (Key et al, 1987). The results of the study showed that 7 patients had a complete recession of hallucinations and 24 patients improved with regard to anxiety, loss of control and thought disturbance. Perhaps most encouraging is the fact that daily functioning improved for 26 patients. However specific social situations demanded more treatment, termed 'booster sessions' by the author and other criticisms of the study are numerous. Namely baseline measures for frequency and subjective burden of voices were obtained retrospectively and there was no control group used. There was also no baseline assessment of social functioning. <br> Tarrier et al (1998a) conducted a study in which they compared both cognitive therapy and supportive counselling to routine care. Treatment involved twenty hours of CBT over a 10-week period; the control group received the same intensity and duration of supportive counselling. Unlike other studies the assessors were independent and blind to treatment assignments. The results showed that the CBT group experienced a 50% reduction in symptoms and fewer days in hospital, providing justification for its use in the future on a larger scale. Past theoretical criticisms of CBT have ce ...
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$30.00 schizophrenia and the interventions
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- Posted on Apr 29, 2008 at 8:42:41PM
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Preview: ... e remaining patients have committed crimes and were sent to institutions by courts. The legislation, Assembly Bill 1421, establishes a hearing process in which judges will determine whether the person has a history of failing to comply with treatment and has, within four years, exhibited "serious violent" behavior against others, or tried to hurt himself or herself. A public defender or a private lawyer could represent the individual. Before this bill, the law was that people generally could be detained for ...
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$50.00 Schizophrenia and the Law
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- Posted on Apr 30, 2008 at 12:28:21PM
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Preview: ... telling them to harm others. Certain delusional beliefs may also make the individual feel compelled to commit illegal acts that can lead to confrontations with law enforcement. <br> There have been many case examples of schizophrenic and their encounters with law enforcement. Recently several violent incidents have occurred involving the law and patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. On July 24, 1998, in Washington, DC a man killed two U.S. Capitol police officers. Later when interrogated, the man said he believed he has been cloned at birth, that he invented a time machine to reverse time, and that the CIA had been spying on him through satellite dishes. He also believed that President Clinton had planned the Kennedy assassination out of jealousy over Marilyn Monroe. Before this, the suspect has had numerous contacts with the law enforcement and had even been previously committed for health reasons. <br> Law enforcement are now being taught how to handle these type of situations and are advised that when confronted with a person who exhibits potential dangerous behavior law enforcement officers should not focus on criminal responsibility, but rather on how they should respond to the person to take control of the situation and maintain safety. <br> Police officers can use numerous techniques and resources to assess threatening and desperate communications and behaviors. For example, law ...
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